Filled gummed cloth and process of making the same



July 5, 1927. c H CROWELL FILLED GUMMED cLo'rn AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE sans Fi led Feb. v. 1923 2 sheets sheet 1 1. 3 5 6 4 ADHESIVE qu/s (0A TING was. W a $7 NVENTO m M W ATTORNEY.

July 1927' c. H. CROWELL FILLED GUMMED CLOTH AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME F zmmauum m Twin m e 0 RN RN 6N a H WN *N INVENTOR Y E N R O T A b H lil Patented my 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES crmamas E. cnowELL, or BROOKLYN, new Yoax.

" FILLED GUMMED CLOTH AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME.

Application filed February 7, 1923. Serial No. 617,531.

This invention relates to filled, sized or gummed cloth, and more particularly to cloth of the above type suitable for use in sealing packages such as paper shipping containers or bags.

The invention further relates to a process for manufacturing filled, sized or gummed cloth from unbleached muslin or gray goods. The -invention still further relates to a process for treating unshrunk goods and applying a filling .and coating material thereto in such manner that the cloth is prevented from shrinking.

This is accomplished in accordance with the present invention by applying anadhesive glue, sizing, or filling compositloirto a strong paper carrier web or sheet which preferably has .a highly calendered or waxy finished surface. The cloth may be led under a presser roll and simultaneously forced into contact with the filling coating on the carrier so as to incorporate the coating with the fibers'and threads on the ad acent side of the cloth. By using thick or pasty filling compositions in this way the cloth is adhesively secured to the carrier web so that, if desired, it may be thereupon dried in contact therewith and such pasty, thick coatings containing glue, starch or similar material retain the water sufficiently so that the threads of the cloth are in many cases only partially wet or moistened so that for this reason excessive shrinkage does not take place and furthermore, the carrier web of strong paper to which the cloth, is secured is stiff enough to substantially prevent any slight shrinkage which tends to take place. After the coating on the cloth has been partly or wholly dried the carrier web may be separated therefrom by the usual splitting, windingmethods of winding the two webs on adjacent separated rolls or bundle shafts and the smooth, waxy or oily surface of the carrier web promotes this separation and also produces, if desired, a smooth or waxy surface on the coated cloth.

Where it is desired to coat thecloth on both sides another coating of filling material, adhesive gum or the like may be ap-.

plied to the exposed surface of the cloth while it is engaged and adhesively held by the carrier web either before or after the original coating on the cloth has been more or less dried. If desired also, several successive coatings, preferably of thick asty material, may be applied to the expose side of the cloth web and a preliminary filling coating may be applied and forced into the cloth so as to leave more or less of' the threads exposed, which is desirable forsome purposes and then an outer coating of adhesive gum or glue may sometimes be applied so as to unite with the filling coating and also with the threads of the fabric. which is desirable where such a gum or cloth coating is used in making gummed tape.

In the accompanying drawing showing in a diagrammatic way several enlarged sections of fabric a Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic section through a gummed cloth tape or fabric which may be produced by this process, and

Figs. 2 and 3 are similar diagrammatic sections showing other illustrative cloth fabrics.

Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically the apparatus for carrying out the various steps in the process.

The carrier web or material which may be used in this process may be any suitable strong paper or other flexible material and heavy kraft paper, for example, may be treated on one or both surfaces so as to produce a coated highly calendered surface which is substantially waterproof and also only slightly adherent to the usual sizing, fillin or glue compositions which are to be applied to the cloth. Such carrier paper webs may be formed by coating the paper with casein or other coating filling composition, such as talc, silicate of soda or thelike, which may be smoothly applied to the paper and calendered, preferably. in connection with sufficient waxy or oily material to give a smooth, waxy finished surface from which the coated or gummed cloth may be readily and properly separated. Such rolls of coated carrier paper may be prepared and the coated surfaces preferably calendered or cleaned from time to time and hard parafiine or other suitable waxy material applied thereto whenever necessary to maintain them in proper condition.

Any suitable filling, sizing or gum coatings may be used in this process, comprising starch, flour, glue and other adhesives incorporated with the desired proportions of clay, whiting, pigment or other coloring, and other relatively inert materials to give body to the composition which may in some cases advantageously com rise relatively small proportions of uni ormly incorporatedwaxy or fatty material. It is usually advantageous in t is process to use relatively thick filling and coating compositions sov that the amount of water incorporated with the other ingredients is with advantage madel such that the. compositions when applied, referably in hot or warm condition, are rel atively thick and pasty like thlck flour paste, for instance, although of course,

they should not be so thick as'not to spread ro rly when applied. p v iii'ious kinds of sized, coated or gummed cloth may be made inthis way by the apparatusillustrateddiagrammatically in Fig. 4:.

For example, the form of gummed cloth shown in Fig. 1 may be produced by apply ing a thick filling coating 2 uniformly to the glazed waxy surface of the carrier web by meansof rollers 1-0, the lower roller dipping into a vat of the filling coating. When the carrier web is passing between presser rolls 11, the unshrunk muslin, gray goods, or other suitable fabric 1, may be forced into contact with the coating so as to force the same more or less into the pores or interstices between the threads of the cloth, which is thus held in contact with the carrier web and may be carried along therewith to suitable dr ing apparatus 14, which maybe the spiral rying chamber shown in the Crowell Patent 1,401,965 of January 3, 1922. If desired the combined paper web and cloth tape may be wound up on a storage roll 12 before drying to promote penetration of the thick adhesive or other substance into the cloth. After storage for a sufiicient time the storage roll 12 would be unwound to allow the ,web'and tape to pass thru the above mentioned drying chamber. If desired, another similar filling coating 3 may then be applied tov the-exposed surface of the cloth, preferably when the carrier and cloth are passing over a suitable roll 15;

The filling may thus be substantially uniforml applied to the surface of the cloth and then spread and forced into the same by suitable scrapers 16 or the like, which may thus force this filling coating 3 intothe cloth sufficiently to more or less engage and adhesively unite with the other filling coating in many, if not all of the interstices 5 between the threads. Of course where thoroughly filled cloth is desired, this second,

faces 6 of the threads so that the adhesive gum or glue coating 4, which may then be applied, can directly engage and unite with these threads and fibers as well as with the intervening portionsof the filling coating. After the coated gummed cloth has been wholly or partly dried, it may beremoved from the carrier Web by the splitting, windthorough penetration of the adhesive or other substance into the cloth. The combined web and cloth tape may then be passed thru the drying apparatus 18 to the roll 19 where it may e split, the cloth tape being wound on roll 20 and the paperweb on roll 21.

The adhesive gum or be applied to the cloth tape in a manner similar to applying the first filling coating 2. A paper web 30, suitably unwound from the roll 31, may be coated with adhesive as by the rolls 22 and then the coating may be pressed against the cloth tape by pressing the cloth tape and paper web together between the presser rolls 23. As before, the combined web may be wound on a storage roll 24 to promote penetration of the adhesive into the cloth, after which the combined web may be unwound from the storage roll 24 and dried by suitable drying apparatus 26. The paper web 30 may then be split from the cloth tape the paper web being wound on roll 27 and the cloth tape on roll 28.'

Fig. 2 shows another illustrative form of filled cloth which may be produced inv this general way. The first filling coating 2 may be applied to the cloth 1 as above described by first applying this coating to, the glazed or smooth surface of a carrier web and then forcing the cloth into strong contact therewith. A suitable adhesive gum or glue c0ating or another generally similar filling or covering coating 7 may be applied to the other face of the cloth as above described or, ifdesired, this coating of filling or other glue coating 4 may 1 material, preferably-in thick pasty condition, may be substantially uniformly applied to a second web of paper or other carrier 'material, which may be forced against the exposed surface of the cloth by suitable presser rolls, for instance, so that the cloth .and incorporated filling coatings has in contact therewith on both sides the Smooth or waxy surface of these two opposing carrier webs. This combined web may in some cases Uzi be wound up into roll form and allowed to remain in this wet or moist'condition for a suitable length of time, such as an hour more or less. which promotes the penetration of such thick adhesive con'ipositions into the interstices of the fabric and union with the bundle shafts while the coated cloth may ing be carried through suitable drying apparatus so as to dry it sufficiently to permit calendering or other finishing treatment. In some cases it is decidedly advantageous to have the sized or filled fabric somewhat damp or moist during the calendering operation, especially where the material is to be calendcred to extreme thinness since such calendering of cloth is apt to decidedly weaken or injure the same unless sufficient moisture is present. Under these conditions, therefore, the one or more carrier webs should be removed from the coated or sized cloth before drying is completed in order to calender the same with best results.

Fig. 3 shows a kind of cloth which has been filled or coated on one side only, the thick coating of filling or covering material 8, being applied to the threads of the cloth 1 in a similar way by first applying this coatto a glazed and preferably Waxed carrier web on which the coated fabric may be dried, if desired, before splitting the carrier web away from the cloth which may be calendered so as to give a smooth wax finish surface 9 on the coated face of the cloth, especially where some waxy or oily material has been suitably incorporated with the filling composition.

Such unbleached muslin or gray goods or other suitable material may advantageously be sized in this same way by applying a coating of the desired sizing material, preferably in at least somewhat thick form to such a carrier web or other surface and then forcing the cloth into contact therewith. An-

other coating of sizing may, if desired, be

applied to the other exposed web of the fabric before or after drying in suitable apparatus, after which the sized cloth may be separated or split off the carrier web of paper or other suitable material by simultaneously winding the webs up on adjacent bundle shafts. Adhesive gum or glue coatings may be similarly applied to one or both sides of such unbleached muslin or any other S111 I;- able fabric and where glazed finish or mnooth waxed surface carrier webs are used, the gum or sized surface of the cloth may be given a smooth glass like surface in this way,

and furthermore, where the gummed, sized or coated cloth is dried in contact with such heavv or stiff carrier webs it is not only prevented from shrinking so that the ten or fifteen er cent shrinkage loss is thus obviated, ut also non-curling gunnned, sized or finiQ-hed fabric may readily be produced and relatively strong gumined or coated fabrics can be produced in this way, as compared to those produced by ordinary methods. It is also possible when using opaque or pigment colored sizing, filling or gumming compositions, to substantially uniformly cover thecloth body so as to give in this way the desired color to the treated fabric without the necessity of first dyeing or coloring the cloth to correspond.

In some cases the cloth such as the regular unbleached gray goods, may be laterally stretched and simultaneously supported on the backing web which may sometimes be interposed in contact with a cloth covered or other presser roll; and the filling co1n position may then be applied to the fabric as by suitable cloth covered or other rollers or conveyors which transfer the thick viscous material which may be subsequently spread and worked into the fabric by suitable scrapers or spreaders. This forces the filling or sizing compositions which may be more or less colored or tinted, if desired,

into and through the gray goods or other fabric to a considerable extent in some cases so as to cause the same to adhere to the glazed surface of the backing web to which it adheres and minimizes or prevents shrinking during the subsequent drying of the fabric in suitable apparatus of the type referred to. Also, if desired, another coating may be "similarly applied to the other side of the cloth preferably after the first has dried.

It will be seen that the method of applying coatings is essentially the same whether the coating applied is a filling coating or an adhesive coating. The most important thing is to have 'the coating thick, that is, not wet, so that the cloth tape is not made very wet. This provides a minimum tendency of the cloth tape to'shrink. The storage of the cloth with its moist coating on the storage rolls provides maximum penetration of the thick coating material. Then finally the drying of the coating with the strong paper web in contact with the cloth. prevents any shrinking that might tend to take place due to the drying of the cloth, the nature of the paper and its surface being such that the coated cloth tape will adhere sufficiently to prevent shrinking during drying and yet can be easily split from the paper web when desired.

This invention has been described in connection with a number of illustrative articles, processes, compositions, devices, apparatus, conditions and orders of steps, to the details of which disclosure the invention is not of course to be limited since what is claimed as new and what is desired to be secured by Letters Patent is set forth in the a ended claims:

1. The process of filling and coatlng gummed cloth, which comprises applying to a smooth surfaced waxy finished strong paper carrier web a coating of thick pasty filling material, pressing progressively into contact with said coating of filling material a web of unbleached gray goods and winding the combined web into a roll to allow the filling material to penetrate and unite with the fibers of the fabric, unrolling the web and applying and forcing into the exposed face of said fabric a coating of thlck pasty filling material to leave the threads exposed on the surface of the cloth, applying an adhesive glue coating to said filling material and exposed threads, drying said com bined Web and separating the substantially dried web of gummed cloth from the supporting web of paper.

2. The process of filling and coating gummed cloth, which comprises applying to a smooth surfaced waxy finished strong paper carrier web a coating of thick pasty filling material, pressing into contact with said coatin of filling material a web of cloth, applying and forcing into the exposed face of said fabric a coating of thick pasty filling material, applying an adhesive glue coating to said filling material, drying said combined web and separating the substantially dried web of gummed cloth from the supporting web of paper.

3. The process of filling or coating cloth, which comprises applying to a smooth surfaced strong paper carrier web a coating of pasty filling material, pressing into contact with said coating a web of unshrunk cloth and winding the combined web into a IOll to allow the filling material to penetrate and unite with the fibers of the fabric, unrolling the web, applying and forcing into the exposed face of said fabric a coating of pasty material, drying said treated cloth web while in adherent contact with said carrier I web and separating the substantially dried web of treated cloth from the carrier web.

4. The process of filling or coating cloth, which comprises applying to a smooth surfaced strong paper carrier web' a coating of pasty filling material, pressing into contact with said coating a web ofcloth, applying and forcing into the exposed face of said fabric a coating of pasty filling material,

drying said treated cloth web while in adherent contact with said carrier web and separating the substantially dried web of treated cloth from the carrier web.

5. The process of filling or coating cloth,

which comprises applying to a smooth sursaid carrier web and separating the substan-- tially dricd web of treated cloth from the carrier web.

6. The filled gunimcd cloth comprising a body of unbleached gray goods in substantially its original unshrunk condition and havin on one side of the cloth a thick coat ing 0 filling composition entering the pores of the fabric and forming over the surface asubstantially continuous layer having a smooth calendered waxy finished surface,

the other side of said cloth having an exposed adhesive gum coating engaging exposed threads of the fabric and a united inner incorporated layer of filling material engaging the fabric threads and united in the fabric pores with the coating of filling material on the opposite side of the cloth.

7. The filled gummedcloth comprising a body of cloth in substantially its original unshrunk condition and having on one side of the cloth a coating of filling composition entering the pores of the fabric and forming over the surface a substantially continuous layer having a smooth calendered surface,-

the other side of said 'cloth posed adhesivegum coating engaging exposed threads of the fabric and a. united inner incorporated layer of filling material engaging the fabric threads.

8. The filled cloth comprising a body of cloth in substantially its original unshrunk condition and having on one side of the cloth a coating of filling composition entering the pores of the fabric and forming over the surface a substantially continuous layer, the other side of said cloth having an exposed having an exadhesive coating and a united inner incor- I porated layer of fillin material en agin the fabric threads. 5 a b CHARLES H. CROWELL. 

